Қожанасыр: Нұсқалар арасындағы айырмашылық

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[[File:Harikalar Diyari Nasrettin Hoca 05981 nevit.jpg|thumb| alt=A.| ''[[Анкара]]дағы [[Қожанасыр ескерткіші]]''.]]
'''Қожанасыр''' ({{lang-ar|نصرالدین جحا‎}} ''ходжа насреддин'') <ref>{{lang-tr|Nasreddin Hoca}}, {{lang-ota|نصر الدين خواجه}}, ''{{lang|ota-Latn|Nasreddīn Hodja}}'', {{lang-fa|خواجه نصرالدین}}, {{lang-ps|ملا نصرالدین}}, {{lang-ar|نصرالدین جحا}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Naṣraddīn Juḥā}}'', {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|ملا نصر الدین}}}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''{{transl|ur|ALA-LC|Mullā Naṣru l-dīn}}'', {{lang-uz|Nosiriddin Xo'ja}}, {{lang-bs|Nasrudin Hodža}}, {{lang-sq|Nastradin Hoxha, Nastradini}}, {{lang-ro|Nastratin Hogea}}</ref> – [[Салжұқ мемлекеті|Селжұқ]] сатирашысы, ХІІІ ғасырда қазіргі [[Түркия]]ның Ескішаһар (Eskişehir) ауданының Сиврихисардағы Хорту ауылында туылған, кейін Конияға жақын маңдағы Ақшаһарда (Akşehir) қайтыс болған. Оның өткір әрі күлкілі қалжыңдары мен ажуа сөздері [[түркі халықтары]] арасына кең тараған. Қожанасыр жалпылық мағынадағы философ, сопы, және дана адам, оның қызық оқиғалары мен қалжың сөздері әрі қарапайым, әрі астарлы, терең мағыналы болып келеді.
 
Қожанасыр туралы мыңдаған әңгіме сақталған, кейде дана, кейде ақымақ, кейде аңғал, кейде қу, кейде өткір тілді болып келеді. Көптеген қалжың сөздері әсерлі, және тәрбиелік мәні зор. Халықаралық Қожанасыр фестивалы оның туған ауылында әр жылы шілденің 5 мен 10ы арасында өткізіліп тұрады.
 
Қожанасыр туралы әңгімелер бүкіл Орта, Кіші және Алдыңғы [[Азия]], [[Арабия]], [[Грекия]], [[Румыния]], [[Сербия]], [[Еділ]] бойы, [[Кавказ]] халықтары фольклорында [[Молла]] [[Насреддин]], [[Қожа Насреддин]], Насреддин әпенді деген аттармен кең тараған.<ref name="source1">“Қазақ Энциклопедиясы”</ref><ref>Қазақ әдебиеті. Энциклопедиялық анықтамалық. - Алматы: «Аруна Ltd.» ЖШС, 2010.ISBN 9965-26-096-6</ref>
 
 
Origin and legacy
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Claims about his origin are made by many ethnic groups.[6][7] Many sources give the birthplace of Nasreddin as Hortu Village in Sivrihisar, Eskişehir Province, present-day Turkey, in the 13th century, after which he settled in Akşehir,[7] and later in Konya under the Seljuq rule, where he died in 1275/6 or 1285/6 CE.[8][9] The alleged tomb of Nasreddin is in Akşehir[10] and the "International Nasreddin Hodja Festival" is held annually in Akşehir between 5–10 July.[11]
 
According to Prof. Mikail Bayram who made an extensive research on Nasreddin, his full name is Nasir ud-din Mahmood al-Khoyi, his title Ahi Evran (as being the leader of the ahi organization). According to him, Nasreddin was born in the city of Khoy in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran, had his education in Khorasan and became the pupil of famous Quran mufassir Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in Herat. He was sent to Anatolia by the Khalif in Baghdad to organize resistance and uprising against the Mongol invasion. He served as a kadı (an Islamic judge and ombudsman) in Kayseri. This explains why he addresses judicial problems in the jokes not only religious ones. During the turmoil of the Mongol invasion he became a political opponent of Persian Rumi. He was addressed in Masnavi by juha anecdotes for this reason. He became the vazir at the court of Kaykaus II. Having lived in numerous cities in vast area and being steadfastly against the Mongol invasion as well as having his witty character, he was embraced by various nations and cultures from Turkey to Arabia, from Persia to Afghanistan, and from Russia to China, most of which suffered from those invasions.
 
The Arabic version of the character, known as "juha" (Arabic: جحا‎), is the oldest attested version of the character and the most divergent, being mentioned in Al-Jahiz's book "Saying on Mules" Arabic: القول في البغال‎, according Al-Dhahabi's book "ميزان الاعتدال في نقد الرجال", his full name was "Abu al-Ghusn Dujayn al-Fizari", he lived under the Umayyads in Kufa, his mother was said to be a servant to Anas ibn Malik, thus he was one of the Tabi'un in Sunni tradition.[12]
 
and of them (juha), and he is nicknamed "aba ghusn", and it has been told about him what suggests astuteness and intelligence, although overwhelmingly made foolish, and it has been said that some who antagonize him put out tales about him.
 
— Ibn al-Jawzi[13]
As generations have gone by, new stories have been added to the Nasreddin corpus, others have been modified, and he and his tales have spread to many regions. The themes in the tales have become part of the folklore of a number of nations and express the national imaginations of a variety of cultures. Although most of them depict Nasreddin in an early small-village setting, the tales deal with concepts that have a certain timelessness. They purvey a pithy folk wisdom that triumphs over all trials and tribulations. The oldest manuscript of Nasreddin dates to 1571.
 
Today, Nasreddin stories are told in a wide variety of regions, especially across the Muslim world and have been translated into many languages. Some regions independently developed a character similar to Nasreddin, and the stories have become part of a larger whole. In many regions, Nasreddin is a major part of the culture, and is quoted or alluded to frequently in daily life. Since there are thousands of different Nasreddin stories, one can be found to fit almost any occasion.[14] Nasreddin often appears as a whimsical character of a large Turkish, Persian, Albanian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Chinese, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Judeo-Spanish, Kurdish, Romanian, Serbian, Russian, and Urdu folk tradition of vignettes, not entirely different from zen koans.
 
1996–1997 was declared International Nasreddin Year by UNESCO.[15]
 
==Дереккөздер</span>==
 
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