Уикипедия:Уикипедия туралы: Нұсқалар арасындағы айырмашылық
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{{dablink|Бұл – келушілерге Уикипедия жобасы туралы қысқа мәлімет беретін бет. Ол туралы [[Уикипедия]]да тағы толық энциклопедиялық мақала бар. Тағы қараңыз: [[Портал: Шолулардың тізімі|шолулардың тізімі]].}}
[[Сурет:Www.wikipedia.org screenshot.png|thumb|300px|Wikipedia.org интернет торабы
'''Уикипедия''' дегеніміз
Уикипедияны бүкіл дүние жүзіндегі ерікті үлес қосушылар [[Бірлесіп жазу|бірлесіп жазады]]. 2001 жылы пайда бола салысымен Уикипедия ғаламтордың [[Уикипедия:Уикипедияның көлемі|ең үлкен]] ең үлкен мәлімет беретін сайттарының біріне айналды.
Келушілердің үлес қоса алулары үшін оларда арнайы білімнің болуы шарт емес, себебі олардың басты мақсаты қазір бар мәлімет туралы мақала жазу. Басқаша айтқанда, жасына, туып-өскен мәдениетіне, әлеуметтік жағдайына қарамастан [[Уикипедия:
Мәлімет қосқанда немесе өңдегенде Уикипедияны бүлдіріп қоймаймын ба деп уайымдаудың қажеті жоқ, себебі [[Уикипедия:Уикипедияны кім жазады|басқа редакторлар]] кеңес беруге немесе қателерді түзетуге әрқашан дайын, әрі Уикипедияның [[MediaWiki]] деп аталатын өзінің бағдарламалық құрылымы үлес қосушылар жасаған қателерді болдырмай тастауға мүмкіндік беретіндей етіп құрастырылған.
Уикипедия әркім үлес қоса алатын жалғасып жатқан еңбек болғандықтан, оның қағаз мәлімет көздерінен елеулі айырмашылықтары бар. Атап айтқанда, ертеректе жазылған мақалалар толығырақ және бейтараптау болып келеді де, беріректе жазылған мақалаларда жиі-жиі жалған мәлімет, энциклопедияға сай келмейтін мазмұн, тіпті [[Уикипедия:Бұзақылық|бұзақылық]] кездесіп отырады. Қолданушылар шынайы мәліметті алып, жақында ғана қосылғандықтан әлі алынып тасталып үлгірілмеген жалған мәліметтен сақ болулары үшін жоғарыда айтылғанды есте сақтауға тиіс (бұл туралы көбірек мәліметті мына жерден алуға болады: ''[[Уикипедия:Уикипедиямен зерттеу| Уикипедиямен зерттеу]]''). Бірақ Уикипедияның қағаз энциклопедиялардан маңызды артықшылығы
Ал енді біз сізді уақыт бөліп [[Уикипедия:Уикипедия дегеніміз не емес| Уикипедия дегеніміз не (және не емес)]] дегенді оқып шығуға кеңес береміз. Сол арқылы сіз қалай Уикипедиядан мәлімет алып, оған қалай үлес қосуға болатыны туралы ақпарат ала аласыз. Басты тақырыптар туралы мәлімет төменде берілген. Егер іздегеніңізді таба алмасаңыз, онда '''[[Уикипедия:ЖҚС|жиі қойылатын сұрақтар]]''' дегенге барып көріңіз. '''[[Уикипедия:Сұрақтар|сұрағымды қай жерде қоя аламын]]''' дегеннің де пайдасы болуы мүмкін. Өңдеу және басқа да мәселелер бойынша ''[[Анықтама:Мазмұны]]'' дегенге барыңыз.
== Уикипедия туралы ==
=== Уикипедияның тарихы ===
{{details|History of Wikipedia}}
Wikipedia was founded as an offshoot of [[Nupedia]], a now-abandoned project to produce a free encyclopedia. Nupedia had an elaborate system of [[peer review]] and required highly qualified contributors, but the writing of articles was slow. During 2000, [[Jimmy Wales]], founder of Nupedia, and [[Larry Sanger]], whom Wales had employed to work on the project, discussed ways of supplementing Nupedia with a more open, complementary project.
On the evening of [[January 2]], [[2001]], Sanger had a conversation over dinner with [[WikiWikiWeb:BenKovitz|Ben Kovitz]], a [[computer programmer]], in [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], [[California]]. Kovitz, who was a regular on
There was considerable resistance on the part of Nupedia's editors and reviewers to the idea of associating Nupedia with a website in the wiki format, so the new project was given the name
In [[May 2001]], a wave of non-English Wikipedias was launched
=== Сауда белгілері мен құқықтар ===
[[Уикипедия]] is a registered [[trademark]] of the [[nonprofit]] [[Wikimedia Foundation]], which has created an entire family of free-content [[m:Complete list of Wikimedia projects|projects]]. On all of these projects, you are welcome to [[WP:BB|be bold]] and edit articles yourself, contributing knowledge as you see fit in a collaborative way.
All of the text in Wikipedia, and most of the images and other content, is covered by the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL). Contributions remain the property of their creators, while the GFDL license ensures the content is freely distributable and reproducible. (See the [[
=== Уикипедияға үлес қосушылар ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Wikipedians}}
Tens of thousands of regular editors
Several mechanisms are in place to help Wikipedia members carry out the important work of crafting a high-quality resource while maintaining civility. Editors are able to watch pages and techies can write editing programs to keep track of or rectify bad edits. Over 1,000 administrators with special powers ensure that behavior conforms to Wikipedia guidelines and policies. When a few situations are still unresolved after all other consensus remedies have failed, a judicial committee steps in and decides to withdraw or restrict editing privileges or to take other corrective measures.
Although the Wikimedia Foundation owns the site, it is largely uninvolved in writing and daily operations.
=== Уикимедия қоры ===
:''Main articles: [[Wikimedia Foundation]] and [[m:Main Page|Metawiki]]
The '''Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.''' is a [[non-profit]] [[charitable organization]] based in [[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg]], [[Florida]], [[United States]] which was founded in 2003 to act as the legal umbrella body for Wikipedia and all related sister projects, and is the owner of all [[trademark]]s and [[intellectual property rights]] related to Wikipedia. Almost all of its functions are undertaken by volunteers within the Wikipedia community, supplemented by five paid employees (two programmers, an administrator, a fundraiser and an executive director), three technical contractors (software and network management), an Advisory Board of around 15 expert individuals, and a Board of [[Trustee]]s. Branches of the Foundation exist and are being added to in an ongoing manner, in a number of countries, focussing upon reference information, publication, funding, and other projects specific to the location.
At a project level the Foundation also co-ordinates the global policies, practices and facilities of Wikipedia in all languages and its sister projects, provides legal and intellectual property input as required, and is formally responsible for the development of the [[open source]] Wikipedia software ([[Mediawiki]]) as requirements change.
In line with its goal of producing reference material free to all people, the Foundation also operates a [[m:Main Page|Metawiki]] where matters impinging upon all projects, global discussions can take place, and global policies can be formally documented and developed, and an [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_new_projects incubator] for proposed new projects and new languages, to facilitate their launch and early stage development. [[As of August 2007]] there are around 100 new reference projects in various stages of development initiated by members of the Wikipedia and related communities.
== Уикипедияны ең тиімді қолдану ==
=== Уикипедияны зерттеу ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Explore}}
Many visitors come to this site to acquire knowledge, others to share knowledge. In fact, at this very instant, dozens of articles are being improved, and [[
You also might enjoy reading Wikipedia in other languages. Wikipedia has more than two hundred different languages (see [[#Wikipedia versions in other languages|other language versions]]), including a [http://simple.wikipedia.org Simple English] version, and related projects include a dictionary, quotations, books, manuals, and scientific reference sources, and a news service (see [[#Sister projects|sister projects]]). All of these are maintained, updated, and managed by separate communities, and often include thought-provoking information and articles which can be hard to find through other common sources.
=== Уикипедияда жол табу ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Basic navigation}}
Wikipedia articles are all [[Hyperlink|linked]], or cross-referenced. Wherever you see highlighted text like [[wikilink|this]], it means there is a link to some relevant article or Wikipedia page with further in-depth information elsewhere if you need it. Holding your mouse over the link will often show you where a link will take you. You are always one click away from more information on any point that has a link attached. There are other links towards the ends of most articles, for other articles of interest, relevant external web sites and pages, reference material, and [[
=== Уикипедияны зерттеу құралы ретінде пайдалану ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia|Citing Wikipedia}}
As a [[wiki]], articles are never complete. They are continually edited and improved over time, and in general this results in an upward trend of quality, and a growing consensus over a fair and balanced representation of information.
Users should be aware that not all articles are of encyclopedic quality from the start, and may contain false or debatable information. Indeed, many articles start their lives as partisan, and it is after a long process of discussion, debate and argument, that they gradually take on a [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]] reached through [[
The ''ideal'' Wikipedia article is balanced, [[
While the overall trend is generally upward, it is important to use Wikipedia carefully if it is intended to be used as a research source, since individual articles will, by their nature, vary in standard and maturity. There [[
=== Уикипедияның қағаз энциклопедиялардан айырмашылығы ===
:''Main article: [[m:Wiki is not paper|Wiki is not paper]] (on [[m:|Wikimedia Meta-Wiki]])''
Wikipedia has advantages over traditional paper encyclopedias. Wikipedia has a very low
=== Уикипедияның күшті және әлсіз жақтары мен мақалалардың сапасы ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is so great|Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is not so great}}
Wikipedia's greatest strengths, weaknesses, and differences all arise because it is open to anyone, has a large contributor base, and articles are written by consensus according to editorial guidelines and policies.
:* Wikipedia is '''open to a large contributor base''', drawing a large number of editors from diverse backgrounds. This allows Wikipedia to significantly reduce regional and cultural bias found in many other publications, and makes it very difficult for any group to censor and impose bias. A large, diverse editor base also provides access and breadth on subject matter that is otherwise inaccessible or little documented. A large number of editors contributing at any moment also means that Wikipedia can produce excellent encyclopedic articles and resources covering newsworthy events within hours or days of their occurrence. It also means that like any publication, Wikipedia may reflect the cultural, age, socio-economic, and other biases of its contributors. There is no systematic process to make sure that [[
:* Allowing '''anyone to edit''' Wikipedia means that it is more easily vandalized or susceptible to unchecked information, which requires removal. While blatant vandalism is usually easily spotted and rapidly corrected, Wikipedia is more subject to subtle viewpoint promotion than a typical reference work. However bias which would be unchallenged in a traditional reference work is likely to be ultimately challenged or considered on Wikipedia. While Wikipedia articles generally attain a good standard after editing, it is important to note that fledgling, or less well monitored, articles may be susceptible to vandalism and insertion of false information. Wikipedia's radical openness also means that any given article may be, at any given moment, in a bad state, such as in the middle of a large edit, or a controversial rewrite. Many contributors do not yet comply fully with key [[
:* Wikipedia is '''written by open and transparent consensus'''
Studies suggest that Wikipedia is broadly as reliable as ''[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]'', with similar error rates on established articles for both major and minor omissions and errors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.research.ibm.com/visual/projects/history_flow/results.htm |title=history flow: results |work=IBM}}</ref> There is a tentative consensus, backed by a gradual increase in [[
The [[MediaWiki]] software which runs Wikipedia retains a history of all edits and changes, thus information added to Wikipedia never
:{{seealso|Reliability of Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia}}
=== Жауапкершіліктен бас тарту ===
{{Disclaimers}}
:''Main article and text of disclaimers: [[
Wikipedia, in common with many websites, makes its disclaimers highly visible, a practice which at times has led to commentators citing these in order to support a view that Wikipedia is unreliable. A selection of similar disclaimers from places which are often regarded as reliable (including sources such as [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], [[Associated Press]], and the [[Oxford English Dictionary]]) can be read and compared at [[
== Уикипедияға үлес қосу ==
:''Main articles: [[
:''Guide to fixing vandalism: [[
Anyone can contribute to Wikipedia by clicking on the ''Edit this page'' tab in an article. Before beginning to contribute however, you should check out some handy helping tools such as the [[
Most articles start as [[WP:STUB|stubs]], but after many contributions, they can become [[
=== Уикипедия парақтарына өзгеріс енгізу ===
:''Main article, including list of common mark-up shortcuts: [[
Wikipedia uses a simple yet powerful page [[markup language|layout]] to allow editors to concentrate on adding material rather than page design. These include automatic sections and subsections, automatic references and cross-references, image and table inclusion, indented and listed text, links ISBNs and math, as well as usual formatting elements and most world alphabets and common symbols. Most of these have simple formats that are deliberately very easy and intuitive.
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Wikipedia has robust [[revision control|version and reversion controls]]. This means that poor quality edits or vandalism can quickly and easily be reversed or brought up to an appropriate standard by any other editors, so inexperienced editors cannot accidentally do permanent harm if they make a mistake in their editing. As there are many more editors intent upon good quality articles than any other kind, articles that are poorly edited are usually corrected promptly.
=== Уикипедияның мазмұнына қойылатын талаптар ===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief}}
Wikipedia content is intended to be factual, notable, verifiable with external sources, and neutrally presented, with external sources cited.
The appropriate policies and guidelines for these are found at:
# [[
# [[
# [[
# [[
# [[
These can be abbreviated to [[
=== Editorial administration, oversight and management ===
{{main|Wikipedia:Editorial oversight and control}}
The Wikipedia community is largely self-organising, so that anyone may build a reputation as a competent editor and become involved in any role they may choose, subject to peer approval. Individuals often will choose to become involved in specialised tasks, such as reviewing articles at others' request, watching current edits for vandalism, watching newly created articles for quality control purposes, or similar roles. Editors who find that editorial administrator responsibility would benefit their ability to help the community may ask their peers in the community for agreement to undertake such roles; a structure which enforces meritocracy and communal standards of editorship and conduct. At present around a
A variety of [[:
=== Handling disputes and abuse ===
:''Main articles: [[
Wikipedia has a rich span of methods to handle most abuses which commonly arise, which are well tested and should be relied upon.
* Intentional ''[[
* Unresolved ''disputes'' between editors, whether based upon behavior, editorial approach or validity of content, can be addressed through the [[
* ''Abuse of user accounts'', such as the creation of [[Internet sock puppet]]s or solicitation of friends and other parties to enforce a non-neutral viewpoint or [[
In addition, ''brand new users'' (until they have established themselves a bit) may at the start find that their votes are given less weight by editors in some informal [[
=== Editorial quality review ===
As well as systems to catch and control substandard and vandalistic edits, Wikipedia also has a full style and content manual, and a variety of positive systems for continual article review and improvement. Examples of the processes involved include [[
In addition, specific types of article or fields often have their own specialized and comprehensive [[
=== Technical attributes ===
Wikipedia uses [[MediaWiki]] software, the [[open-source]] program used not only on
== Feedback and questions ==
Wikipedia itself is run as a communal effort. It is a community project whose end result is an encyclopedia. Feedback about content should, in the first instance, be raised on the discussion pages of those articles. You are invited to [[WP:BB|be bold]] and edit the pages yourself to add information or correct mistakes if you are knowledgeable and able to do so.
=== Жиі қойылатын сұрақтар (ЖҚС) ===
{{main|Wikipedia:FAQ}}
:''FAQ index: [[:
=== Өз пікір-ұсыныстарыңды білдіру ===
There is an established escalation and dispute process within Wikipedia, as well as pages designed for raising questions, feedback, suggestions and comments:
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
See also:
* [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org Bug tracker], for reporting issues with the Wikipedia web site or the [[MediaWiki]] software that runs it
* [[
* [[
=== Зерттеу көмектері және соған қатысты сұрақтар ===
Facilities for help for users researching specific topics can be found at:
* [[
* [[
Because of the nature of Wikipedia, it's encouraged that people looking for information should try and find it themselves in the first instance. If however you come across valid information missing from Wikipedia, [[
=== Қауым пікір алмасуы ===
For specific discussion not related to article content or editor conduct, see the [[
=== Уикипедияның редакторларымен қалай пікір алмасуға болады ===
If you need more information, the first place to go is the [[
Also, you could try the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:|'''meta-wiki''']], a site for coordinating the various Wikipedia projects and sister projects (and abstract discussions of policy and direction), and there are many different places for submitting [[
For a full list of contact options, see '''[[
== Түрлі тілдердегі Уикипедия ==
{{Wikipedialang}}
== Тетелес жобалар ==
{{WikipediaSister}}
;Please note that while other sites may also use [[MediaWiki]] software and therefore look similar to Wikipedia, or may have a name that includes 'Wiki-' or '-pedia', or a similar [[domain name]], the only projects which are part of the Wikimedia Foundation are those listed above, even if they claim to be part of it.
== Тағы қараңыз ==
*[[Уикипедия]]
*[[
== Түсініктемелер ==
{{reflist}}
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