|
Огайо - бұл штат АҚШда. Оның астанасы Колумбус атылады. Огайодан адамдар "Огайоан" атылады. Огайоның governor John Kasich. Огайода 11,536,504 адам турады (2010 жылда).
'''Ohio''' is a state in the [[United States]]. It has nearly 11.5 million residents. The state's capital and largest city is named Columbus. Other major cities include Cleveland and Cincinnati. Ohio became America's 17th state in 1803. Ohio is known as the "Buckeye State" because of the many Buckeye trees. The people of Ohio are also called "Buckeyes."
Ohio became a state on March 1, 1803.
'''Ohio''' {{IPAc-en|en-us-Ohio.ogg|oʊ|ˈ|h|aɪ|.|oʊ}} is a state in the [[United States]]. It is the 7th-most populous with nearly 11.5 million residents. The state's capital is [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]. The name 'Ohio' comes from the [[Iroquois language|Iroquois]] word ''ohi-yo’'', meaning 'great river'. The state, originally partitioned from the [[Northwest Territory]], was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1, 1803. Ohio is known as the 'Buckeye State' (relating to the [[Aesculus glabra|Ohio buckeye tree]]) and Ohioans are also known as 'Buckeyes.'
==Geography and Climate==
To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 502 km of coastline. Ohio's southern border is the Ohio River. Important rivers in Ohio include the Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, and Scioto River. Ohio has a humid continental climate. Summers are typically hot and humid, while winters are cool or cold. Ohio has moderate amounts of precipitation. Severe snows are common near Lake Erie, in an area known as the "Snowbelt." The highest temperature in the past was 45° in 1934, and the lowest temperature in the past was -39° Celsius in 1899.
Ohio's location is an asset for economic growth and expansion. Much cargo and business traffic passes through Ohio along its well-developed highways. Ohio is within a one-day drive of 50% of North America's population. To the north, [[Lake Erie]] gives Ohio 502 km of coastline. Ohio's southern border is defined by the [[Ohio River]]. Significant [[List of lakes in Ohio|rivers]] in Ohio include the [[Cuyahoga River]], [[Great Miami River]], [[Maumee River]], [[Muskingum River]], and [[Scioto River]].
Ohio has many highways and three large international airports: "Cleveland Hopkins" in the city of Cleveland, "Port Columbus" in the city of Columbus, and "Dayton International" in the city of Dayton.
The rugged southeastern quadrant of Ohio, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West [[Northern Panhandle of West Virginia|Virginia Panhandle]] to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct [[Socioeconomics|socio-economic]] unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area has a legacy of [[coal]] mining and a distinct regional dialect.
The climate of Ohio is a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Koppen climate classification]] ''Dfa'') except in the extreme southern counties. Summers are typically hot and humid, while winters generally range from cool to cold. Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe [[lake effect snow]]storms are also not uncommon on the southeast shore of [[Lake Erie]], which is located in an area designated as the [[Snowbelt]]. The highest recorded temperature was (45 °[[Celsius|C]]), near [[Gallipolis, Ohio|Gallipolis]] on July 21, 1934. The lowest recorded temperature was (-39 °[[Celsius|C]]), at [[Milligan, Ohio|Milligan]] on February 10, 1899.
===Major cities===
{{See also|List of cities in Ohio}}
<div style="float:right; padding-left:12px;">
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Rank
!City
!2010 Population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn72.html|title=American FactFinder2 '''Custom Tables:Table 1'''|accessdate=2010-03-20}}</ref>
!2010 Metro Population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|title=American FactFinder2|accessdate=2010-03-20}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]
|787,033
|1,836,540
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]]
|396,815
|2,077,240
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|3
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]]
|296,943
|2,130,151
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|4
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]]
|287,208
|651,429
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|5
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Akron, Ohio|Akron]]
|199,110
|703,200
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|6
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]
|141,527
|841,502
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|7
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Parma, Ohio|Parma]]
|81,601
|*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|8
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Canton, Ohio|Canton]]
|73,007
|404,422
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|9
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]]
|66,982
|565,773
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|10
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Lorain, Ohio|Lorain]]
|64,097
|*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|11
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Hamilton, Ohio|Hamilton]]
|62,477
|**
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|12
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Springfield, Ohio|Springfield]]
|60,608
|133,333
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|13
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Kettering, Ohio|Kettering]]
|56,163
|***
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|14
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Elyria, Ohio|Elyria]]
|54,533
|*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|15
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Lakewood, Ohio|Lakewood]]
|52,131
|*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|16
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio|Cuyahoga Falls]]
|49,652
|****
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|17
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Euclid, Ohio|Euclid]]
|48,920
|*
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|18
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Middletown, Ohio|Middletown]]
|48,694
|**
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|19
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Mansfield, Ohio|Mansfield]]
|47,821
|124,475
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|20
| style="text-align:left;"|[[Newark, Ohio|Newark]]
|47,573
|*****
|-
| colspan = 4|<center>''*[[Greater Cleveland]]'', ''**[[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area|Cincinnati Metro]]'', ''***[[Greater Dayton|Dayton Metro]]'', ''****[[Akron metropolitan area|Akron Metro]]'',''*****[[Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area|Columbus Metro]]''</center>
|}
</div>
[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] is the capital of Ohio, near the geographic center of the state.
==History==
The first people living in the Ohio valley were nomads who arrived in 13,000 BC, long before white people came to the country. The nomads left by 1,000 BC, and in 900 BC the sedentary Adena people emerged. The Adena lived in villages, hunted for animals such as deer, and grew plants such as squash, sunflowers, and corn. In 100 BC the Hopewell people came and started buidling mounds [picture], but they left in 600 AD. Native people in Ohio in the historical period include the Miami, Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Ottawa, and Erie peoples.
{{Main|History of Ohio}}
In the 18th century, the French people from Europe began to trade furs in Ohio. The French gave Ohio to England in 1752, and England gave Ohio to the new country of the United States in 1783. In 1803, America's president Thomas Jefferson approved Ohio as a state. Ohio sent many soldiers to America's Civil War, and grew many crops. Seven U.S. presidents were born in Ohio, and so the state is called "Mother of Presidents."
===Native Americans===
Archeological evidence suggests that the Ohio Valley was inhabited by [[Nomad|nomadic people]] as early as 13,000 BC. These early nomads disappeared from Ohio by 1,000 BC, "but their [[Archaeological culture|material culture]] provided a base for those who followed them".<ref name="knepper9"/> Between 1,000 and 800 BC, the sedentary [[Adena culture]] emerged. As Ohio historian George W. Knepper notes, this sophisticated culture was "so named because evidences of their culture were excavated in 1902 on the grounds of Adena, [[Thomas Worthington (governor)|Thomas Worthington]]'s estate located near [[Chillicothe, Ohio|Chillicothe]]".<ref name="knepper10">Knepper (1989), p. 10.</ref> The Adena were able to establish "semi-permanent" villages because they domesticated plants, which included [[squash (plant)|squash]], [[sunflowers]], and perhaps [[maize|corn]]. Cultivation of these in addition to hunting and gathering supported more settled, complex villages.<ref name="knepper10"/> The most spectacular remnant of the Adena culture is the [[Great Serpent Mound]], located in [[Adams County, Ohio]].<ref name="knepper10"/>
Now, the Governor of Ohio is John Kasich. This state is a "purple state" because half of the voters belong to the Republican Party, and Half of the voters belong to the Democratic party. In 2008, Barack Obama won 51% of the votes in Ohio.
Around 100 BC, the Adena were joined in Ohio Country by the [[Hopewell tradition|Hopewell]] people, who were named for the farm owned by Captain M. C. Hopewell, where evidence of their unique culture was discovered.<ref name="knepper11">Knepper (1989), p. 11.</ref> Like the Adena, the Hopewell people participated in a mound-building culture. Their complex, large and technologically sophisticated [[Earthworks (archaeology)|earthworks]] can be found in modern-day [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]], [[Newark, Ohio|Newark]], and [[Circleville, Ohio|Circleville]].<ref name="knepper11"/> The Hopewell, however, disappeared from the Ohio Valley in about 600 AD. Little is known about the people who replaced them.<ref name="knepper13">Knepper (1989), p. 13.</ref> Researchers have identified two additional, distinct prehistoric cultures: the [[Fort Ancient]] people and the Whittlesey Focus people.<ref name="knepper13"/> Both cultures apparently disappeared in the 17th century, perhaps decimated by infectious diseases spread in epidemics from early European contact. The Native Americans had no immunity to common European diseases. Some scholars believe that the Fort Ancient people "were ancestors of the historic Shawnee people, or that, at the very least, the historic Shawnees absorbed remnants of these older peoples."<ref name="knepper13"/>
American Indians in the Ohio Valley were greatly affected by the aggressive tactics of the [[Iroquois Confederation]], based in central and western [[New York]].<ref name="knepper14">Knepper (1989), p. 14.</ref> After the so-called [[Beaver Wars]] in the mid-17th century, the Iroquois claimed much of the Ohio country as hunting and, more importantly, beaver-trapping ground. After the devastation of epidemics and war in the mid-17th century, which largely emptied the Ohio country of indigenous people by the mid-to-late 17th century, the land gradually became repopulated by the mostly [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]]-speaking descendants of its ancient inhabitants, that is, descendants of the Adena, Hopewell, and [[Mississippian culture]]s. Many of these Ohio-country nations were multi-ethnic (sometimes multi-linguistic) societies born out of the earlier devastation brought about by disease, war, and subsequent social instability. They subsisted on agriculture ([[maize|corn]], sunflowers, [[bean]]s, etc.) supplemented by seasonal hunts. By the 18th century, they were part of a larger global economy brought about by European entry into the [[fur trade]].<ref name="roseboom20">Roseboom (1967), p. 20.</ref>
The indigenous nations to inhabit Ohio in the historical period included the [[Miamis]] (a large confederation); [[Wyandots]] (made up of refugees, especially from the fractured [[Wyandot people|Huron]] confederacy); [[Delawares]] (pushed west from their historic homeland in [[New Jersey]]); [[Shawnees]] (also pushed west, although they may have been descended from the Fort Ancient people of Ohio); [[Ottawa (tribe)|Ottawas]] (more commonly associated with the upper [[Great Lakes]] region); [[Mingo]]s (like the Wyandot, a group recently formed of refugees from Iroquois); and [[Eries]] (gradually absorbed into the new, multi-ethnic "republics," namely the Wyandot).<ref name="knepper14-17">Knepper (1989), pp. 14–17.</ref> [[Ohio country]] was also the site of Indian massacres, such as the [[Chief Logan#Yellow Creek Massacre|Yellow Creek Massacre]], [[Gnadenhutten massacre|Gnadenhutten]] and [[Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre]].<ref name="knepper43-44">Knepper (1989), pp. 43–44.</ref>
===Colonial and Revolutionary eras===
During the 18th century, the [[French colonisation of the Americas|French]] set up a system of [[trading post]]s to control the fur trade in the region. In 1754, France and [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] fought a war that was known in North America as the [[French and Indian War]] and in Europe as the [[Seven Years War]]. As a result of the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]], the French ceded control of Ohio and the remainder of the [[Old Northwest]] to [[Great Britain]].
In the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1783, Britain ceded all claims to Ohio country to the United States.
===Northwest Territory: 1787–1803===
The United States created the [[Northwest Territory]] under the [[Northwest Ordinance]] of 1787. Ohio was a part of this territory.
===Statehood: 1803–present===
On February 19, 1803, [[Thomas Jefferson|President Jefferson]] signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio's boundaries and constitution. Although many Native Americans had migrated west to evade American encroachment, others remained settled in the state, sometimes assimilating in part. In 1830 under President [[Andrew Jackson]], the US government forced [[Indian Removal]] of most tribes to the [[Indian Territory]] west of the Mississippi River.
In 1835, Ohio fought with [[Michigan]] in the [[Toledo War]], a mostly bloodless boundary war over the Toledo Strip. Congress intervened, making Michigan's admittance as a state conditional on ending the conflict. In exchange for giving up its claim to the Toledo Strip, Michigan was given the western two-thirds of the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]], in addition to the eastern third that was already considered part of the state.
==People==
[[File:Ohio.JPG|left|thumb|Ohio state welcome sign, in an older (1990s) style]]
Ohio's central position and its population gave it an important place during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The Ohio River was a vital artery for troop and supply movements, as were Ohio's railroads. Ohio contributed more soldiers per-capita than any other state in the Union. In 1862, the state's morale was badly shaken in the aftermath of the [[battle of Shiloh]], a costly victory in which Ohio forces suffered 2,000 casualties. Later that year, when [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] troops under the leadership of [[Stonewall Jackson]] threatened [[Washington, D.C.]], Ohio governor [[David Tod]] still could recruit 5,000 volunteers to provide three months of service. By the end of the Civil War, the Union's top three generals–[[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[William T. Sherman|William Tecumseh Sherman]], and [[Philip Sheridan]]–were all from Ohio.<ref name="morris10-11">Morris (1992), pp. 10–11.</ref><ref name="cayton128-129">Cayton (2002), pp. 128–129.</ref>
As of 2010, Ohio has 1,153,6504 residents. 3.6% of Ohio's population is foreign born. Ohio's five largest ancestry groups are:
Eight U.S. presidents hailed from Ohio at the time of their elections, giving rise to its nickname "Mother of Presidents." Seven presidents were born in Ohio, making it second to Virginia's eight. Virginia-born [[William Henry Harrison]] lived most of his life in Ohio and is also buried there. The seven presidents born in Ohio were [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[Benjamin Harrison]] (grandson of William Henry Harrison), [[William McKinley]], [[William Howard Taft]] and [[Warren G. Harding]].
# Germans (28.9%);
# Irish (14.8%);
==Demographics==
# English (10.1%);
{{USCensusPop
# Polish (8.4%);
| 1800 = 45365
# Italian (6.4%).
| 1900 = 4157545
| 2010 = 11536504
}}
===Race and ancestry===
As of 2007, 3.6% of Ohio's total population is estimated to be foreign-born,, compared to an estimated 12.5% of the United States population.
Ohio's five largest ancestry groups, as of 2007, are:
# [[German American|German]] (28.9%);
# [[Irish American|Irish]] (14.8%);
# [[English American|English]] (10.1%);
# [[Polish American|Polish]] (8.4%);
# [[Italian American|Italian]] (6.4%).
The state's racial makeup in 2006 was:
* 82.8% [[White (people)|White]] (non-Hispanic);
* 11.8% [[Black (people)|Black]] (non-Hispanic);
* 2.3% [[Hispanic]], a category that includes people of many races;
* 1.5% [[Asian people|Asian]]/[[Pacific Islander]]
* 1.3% [[Multiracial|mixedMixed race]]Race
* 0.2% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]/[[Alaskan Native]]
* 0.1% other races.
76% people living in Ohio are Christian. 17% are athiest and don't believe in God. There are also small sects of Jehovah's Witnesses (1%), Jews (1%), Muslims (1%), Hindus (<0.5%), Buddhists (<0.5%), and Mormons (<0.5%).
===Religion===
In 2008, 76% of Ohioans identified as [[Christianity|Christian]]. Specifically, 26% of Ohio's population identified as [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestant]], 22% identified as [[Mainline (Protestant)|Mainline Protestant]], and 21% identified as [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]]. 17% of the population is unaffiliated with any religious body. There are also small minorities of [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] (1%), [[Judaism|Jews]] (1%), [[Islam|Muslims]] (1%), [[Hinduism|Hindus]] (<0.5%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.5%), [[Mormonism|Mormons]] (<0.5%), and practitioners of other faiths (1-1.5%).
==Economy and Education==
[[File:Cincinnati-procter-and-gamble-headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cincinnati's Procter & Gamble is one of Ohio's largest companies in terms of revenue.]]
Ohio is known for its business. In 2007, it's GDP was $466 billion, which means Ohio has the seventh-largest economy of all fifty states in America. Ohio's average household income is $46,645 per year. Most Ohioans work in trade, transportation, health care, education, government, or manufacturing. Banking is also very important. Ohio produces the most plastics, rubber, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and appliances in America. 5 million Ohioans are currently employed.
Ohio has many colleges and universities, more than many states around it. The most famous is the Ohio State University, which has over 40,000 students. Other major universities include University of Akron, Bowling Green, Central State, University of Cincinnati, Cleveland State, Kent State, Miami University, Ohio University, Wright State, and Youngstown State.
In 2009, Ohio was ranked #4 in the country for best business climate by Site Selection magazine. The state has also won three consecutive Governor's Cup awards from the magazine, based on business growth and developments. {{As of|2007}}, Ohio's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) was $466 billion. This ranks Ohio's economy as the seventh-largest of all fifty states.
Ohio's [[unemployment rate]] stood at 10.7 in May 2010, adding 17,000 new jobs that month. {{As of|2007}}, Ohio's [[median household income]] is $46,645, and 13.1% of the population is below the [[poverty line]]. Ohio's employment base is expected to grow 5% from 2006 to 2016, a [[net gain]] of 290,700 jobs.
The [[manufacturing]] and [[financial industry|financial activities]] sectors each compose 18.3% of Ohio's GDP, making them Ohio's largest industries by percentage of GDP. Ohio has the largest bioscience sector in the Midwest, and is a national leader in the "green" economy. Ohio is the largest producer in the country of plastics, rubber, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and appliances. 5,212,000 Ohioans are currently employed by [[wage]] or [[salary]].
By employment, Ohio's largest sector is [[trade]]/[[transportation]]/[[utilities]], which employs 1,010,000 Ohioans, or 19.4% of Ohio's workforce, while the [[health care industry|health care]] and [[education]] sector employs 825,000 Ohioans (15.8%). [[Government]] employs 787,000 Ohioans (15.1%), manufacturing employs 669,000 Ohioans (12.9%), and professional and technical services employs 638,000 Ohioans (12.2%).<ref name="DDOH" />
==Transportation==
Many major east-west transportation corridors go through Ohio. One of those pioneer routes, known in the early 20th century as "Main Market Route 3", was chosen in 1913 to become part of the historic [[Lincoln Highway]] which was the first road across America, connecting [[New York City]] to [[San Francisco]]. In Ohio, the Lincoln Highway linked many towns and cities together, including [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[Mansfield, Ohio|Mansfield]], [[Wooster, Ohio|Wooster]], [[Lima, Ohio|Lima]], and [[Van Wert, Ohio|Van Wert]]. The arrival of the Lincoln Highway to Ohio was a major influence on the development of the state. Upon the advent of the federal numbered highway system in 1926, the Lincoln Highway through Ohio became [[U.S. Highway 30]].
Ohio also is home to {{convert|228|mi|km|0}} of the Historic [[National Road]], now [[U.S. Route 40]].
Ohio has a highly developed network of roads and interstate highways. Major east-west through routes include the [[Ohio Turnpike]] ([[Interstate 80|I-80]]/[[Interstate 90|I-90]]) in the north, [[Interstate 76 (east)|I-76]] through [[Akron, Ohio|Akron]] to [[Pennsylvania]], [[Interstate 70|I-70]] through [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] and [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], and the [[Appalachian Highway (Ohio)|Appalachian Highway]] (Ohio 32) running from [[West Virginia]] to [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]]. Major north-south routes include [[Interstate 75|I-75]] in the west through [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], Dayton, and Cincinnati, [[Interstate 71|I-71]] through the middle of the state from [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]] through Columbus and Cincinnati into [[Kentucky]], and [[Interstate 77|I-77]] in the eastern part of the state from Cleveland through Akron, [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[New Philadelphia, Ohio|New Philadelphia]] and [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]] down into West Virginia. Interstate 75 between Cincinnati and Dayton is one of the heaviest traveled sections of interstate in Ohio.
Ohio has 5 international airports, 4 commercial and 2 military. The 5 international include [[Cleveland Hopkins International Airport]], [[Port Columbus International Airport]], and [[Dayton International Airport]], Ohio's third largest airport. [[Akron Fulton International Airport]] handles cargo and for private use. Other major airports are located in [[Toledo Express Airport|Toledo]] and [[Akron-Canton Airport|Akron]].
==Government==
Ohio is governed by governor [[John Kasich]]. The state is nicknamed the "Mother of Presidents," because seven men born in Ohio have been presidents of the United states, including [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], [[James A. Garfield]], [[Benjamin Harrison]], [[William McKinley]], [[William Howard Taft]], and [[Warren G. Harding]].
{{As of|2008}}, Ohio's voter demographic leans towards the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. In total, there are 7,937,161 Ohioans registered to vote. In the [[United States presidential election of 2008]], [[Barack Obama]] won 51.50% of Ohio's [[popular vote]].
===Colleges and universities===
Ohio has many colleges and universities.
{{Main|List of colleges and universities in Ohio}}
* 13 state [[university|universities]]
** [[University of Akron|The University of Akron]], [[Akron, Ohio]]
** [[Bowling Green State University]], [[Bowling Green, Ohio]]
** [[Central State University]], [[Wilberforce, Ohio]]
** [[University of Cincinnati]], [[Cincinnati, Ohio]]
** [[Cleveland State University]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
** [[Kent State University]], [[Kent, Ohio]]
** [[Miami University]], [[Oxford, Ohio]]
** [[Ohio University]], [[Athens, Ohio]]
** [[The Ohio State University]], [[Columbus, Ohio]]
** [[Shawnee State University]], [[Portsmouth, Ohio]]
** [[University of Toledo]], [[Toledo, Ohio]]
** [[Wright State University]], [[Dayton, Ohio]] ([[Fairborn, Ohio]])
** [[Youngstown State University]], [[Youngstown, Ohio]]
* 24 state university branch and regional campuses
* 46 private [[college]]s and universities <sup>a</sup> <sup>b</sup>
* 6 free-standing state-assisted [[medical school]]s
** [[University of Toledo Medical Center|University of Toledo College of Medicine]] (formerly Medical University of Ohio)
** [[Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine]]
** [[OSU College of Medicine and Public Health|The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health]]
** [[Ohio University|Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine]]
** [[University of Cincinnati|University of Cincinnati College of Medicine]]
** [[Boonshoft School of Medicine]] (formerly known as The Wright State University School of Medicine)
* 15 community colleges
* 8 technical colleges
* 24 independent [[non-profit]] colleges
===Libraries===
Ohio is home to some of America's best public libraries, including:
** [[Columbus Metropolitan Library]] (First)
** [[Cuyahoga County Public Library]] (Second)
** [[Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County]] (Tenth)
==Sports==
Ohio ishas home to majormany professional sports teams, including the: [[Cincinnati Reds]] ([[Major League Baseball]]baseball), [[Cleveland Indians]] (Major League Baseballbaseball), [[Cincinnati Bengals]] ([[NationalAmerican Football League]]football), [[Cleveland Browns]] (NationalAmerican Football Leaguefootball), [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] ([[National Basketball Association]]basketball), [[Columbus Blue Jackets]] ([[National Hockey) League]]and Columbus Crew (futbol). The largest and most important team is the American football team for the Ohio State University. This is called the Ohio State Buckeyes, and it is one of the [[Columbusmost Crew]]important ([[Majorteams Leaguein Soccer]])College football in America.
In College football, Ohio has eight [[Division I (NCAA)|NCAA Division I-A]] college football teams. The largest and most important is the [[Ohio State Buckeyes football]] team, which ranks 5th among all-time winningest programs and is nationally known.
==State symbols==
{{Main|List of Ohio state symbols}}
[[File:Aesculus glabra nuts.jpg|right|thumb|Ohio buckeyes, the seed from the [[Ohio buckeye]] tree.]]
Ohio's state symbols:
* State animal: [[White-tailed Deer]] (1987)<ref name="GOVRES">
* State beverage: [[Tomato juice]] (1965)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State bird: [[Northern Cardinal|Cardinal]] (1933)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State capital: [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]
* State flower: [[carnation|Red carnation]] (1904)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State insect: [[Ladybug]] (1975)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State motto: "With God all things are possible." (1959)
* State rock song: "[[Hang On Sloopy]]" (1985)
* State song: "[[Beautiful Ohio]]" (1969)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State stone: Ohio [[Flint]] (1965)<ref name="GOVRES" />
* State tree: [[Ohio Buckeye|Buckeye]] (1953)<ref name="GOVRES" />
Ohio's state symbols include the
==References==
* State animal: White-tailed Deer
The state website is www.ohio.gov.
* State beverage: Tomato juice
* State bird: Cardinal
* State capital: Columbus, Ohio
* State flower: Red Carnation
* State insect: Ladybug
* State motto: "With God all things are possible."
* State song: "Beautiful Ohio"
* State stone: Flint
* State tree: Ohio Buckeye
==References==
[[Category:Ohio| ]]
The state website is www.ohio.gov.
[[Category:States of the United States]]
| 